Preeklamsi - Eklamsi

Preeclampsia is a collection of symptoms that occur in pregnant women, maternity and childbirth consisting of hypertension, edema and protein menjukkan Uriah but no signs of vascular abnormalities or previous hypertension, whereas symptoms usually appear after age 28 weeks gestation or more (Rustam Muctar, 1998 .)

Eclampsia is an acute case in patients with preeclampsia, which is accompanied by comprehensive seizures and coma. (Sarwono prawirohardjo, 2009)
Preeclampsia and eclampsia is a collection of symptoms that occur in pregnant women, maternity and childbirth during which consists of triad: hypertension, proteinuri, and edema, which is sometimes accompanied konvuisi to coma. (Synopsis of obstetrics vol 1, 1998)
Causes of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia as yet known. But there is a theory that can explain the causes of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are:
For increasing frequency in primigraviditas, multiple pregnancy, hidramnion, and hydatidiform mole.
For a further increase in the frequency of parents pregnancy
For repairs to the state of patients with fetal death in uterus
Because eclampsia rarely occurs in pregnancy - the next pregnancy
Because the occurrence of hypertension, edema, proteinuria, seizures and coma

Preeclampsia develops in about 7% of pregnancies. The incidence was significantly higher in low socioeconomic groups. About 5% of women with preeclampsia develop eclampsia, these, about 15% die from PIH itself or its complications. high fetal death due to an increased incidence of premature delivery and uteroplacental insufficiency.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a very common bone disease that causes bone to become weak.
Bone weakness can lead to fracture of the spine, hip, and wrist from simple falls or even a snezze or cough
About 10 million americans have osteoporosis,80 % of them are women

Bone is a living tissue. It mostly made of collagen,a protein that provides a soft framework and calcium phospate, a mineral that haredes the framework.
What reason that osteoporosis may occur ?
If the person does not have enough strong bone mass by age 30 before bone loss begin
If the loss after age 30 happens too fast

Symptoms
People may not know they have a osteoporosis until their bone become so weak that a sudden strain,bump, or fall causes a hip fracture or acollapse vertebra.
Collapsed vertebra may causes a savere back pain, spinal deformities or saverily stoped posture.

Causes
What is the causes of osteoporosis??????
doesn’t get enough calcium
doesn’t get enough vitamin D

Risk factor
Main risk factor:
Age
Body size
Other risk factor that you can’t control are :
Race
Family
Risk factor that you can control :
Calcium and vitamin D intake
Smoking
Excess alcohol
Inactivity
Medicine


Treatment
A healthy diet including calcium,vit D, and calcium suplement. Such as milk,cheese,and oranges,because suplement may cause constipation,so you must drinking more waters,and eat food rich in fiber
Medication.
For slow bone loss :alndronate,risendronate
Esterogen for bone metabolism : raloxifene
Injectable hormon for helps build more bones :
Terparatide

Always ask your doctor for best medication !!!

Prevention
A healthy,balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
Staying active
Not smoking
Not drinking excessively

Summary
Osteoporosis is a very common condition that be prevented by good nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle. Many medication are now available to help prevent or threat osteoporosis after a woman reaches monopouse. Calcium and vitamin supplements are also available and inexpensive. For people with osteoporosis fracturing bone is a main concern. Avoiding falls,triping,and bumping into a object can prevent fracture and allow people with osteoporosis to live very healthy and productive lives !

Hordeolum

Almost everyone knows timbilen or timbil which in medical language is called Hordeolum. This disease can affect anyone, from children to parents. Mentioned that the incidence in adulthood more than children. There was no difference in the incidence (incidence rate) among women with men. Sometimes a person really easy experience timbilen (recurring). Proverbial, recovering one, and then reappear somewhere else timbil.
Hordeolum (the style) is an infection or inflammation of the gland at the edge of the upper eyelid and the bottom is caused by bacteria, usually by the Staphylococcal bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Hordeolum can occur in 1 or more eyelid gland. Eyelid gland include Meibom gland, gland Zeis and Moll.
Based on the place, hordeolum divided into 2 types:
1. Hordeolum internal, occurs in Meibom gland. In this internal hordeolum bump leads to the conjunctiva (the lining of the inner eyelid).
2. Hordeolum externa, occurs in the lymph gland Zeis and Moll. The lump appeared from the outside on the outside of the eyelid skin (palpebra).

SYMPTOMS
Hordeolum signs are very easily identifiable, ie visible lump on the upper eyelids or below, reddish. Occasionally visible whitish or yellowish spots accompanied by swelling of the eyelids.
In internal hordeolum, bumps will appear more clearly with open eyelid.
Complaints are often felt by people with such a sense hordeolum prop the eyelids, pain and more pain say when bent. Sometimes eyes watery and sensitive to light.
Hordeolum can form an abscess in the eyelid and rupture with release of pus.

TREATMENT
In general hordeolum can heal themselves (self-limited) in 1-2 weeks. But often require special treatment, topical medications (antibiotic ointment or eye drops) or in combination with oral antibiotics (taken).
Hordeolum treatment sequence is as follows:
Warm compresses for about 10-15 minutes, 4 times daily.
Topical antibiotics (ointments, eye drops), for example: Gentamycin, Neomycin, Polimyxin B, Chloramphenicol, Dibekacin, Fucidic acid, and others. Topical medications used for 7-10 days, as recommended by your doctor, especially in the phase of inflammation.
Oral antibiotics (taken), for example: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Doxycyclin. Oral antibiotics are used if hordeolum showed no improvement with topical antibiotics. The drug is administered for 7-10 days. The use and choice of oral antibiotics only upon the recommendation of a doctor according to the examination.
The antibiotic dose in children based on body weight according to each type of antibiotic and the severity of hordeolum.
Symptomatic medications (to reduce complaints) can be given to relieve pain, such as acetaminophen, mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, and the like.

Recommendation FOR PATIENTS
Avoid rubbed or pressed-ucek hordeolum.
Do not squeeze hordeolum. Let hordeolum broke by itself, then clean with sterile gauze when out pus or fluid from hordeolum.
Close your eyes when cleaning hordeolum.
To temporarily stop the use of make-up of the eye.
Remove contact lenses (contact lenses) during the treatment period.
When was performed incision?
It is recommended that the incision (cutting) and drainage on hordeolum, if:
Hordeolum showed no improvement with topical antibiotic medications and oral antibiotics within 2-4 weeks.
Hordeolum who have already shown great or abscess phase.
After the incision is recommended controls in a week or more to the incision wound healing in order to really complete recovery.

PREVENTION
Keep your facial hygiene and hand washing before touching the face for hordeolum not easily repeated.
Wipe the eyelids gently with warm washlap to clean the gland excretion of fat.
Maintain cleanliness of equipment for eye makeup are not contaminated by germs.
Use goggles if traveling in dusty areas.